S. aureus is responsible for Bumblefoot and septic arthritis in broilers and layers. The present work is designed to investigate and evaluate the most common bacterial causes of bumblefoot disease and their hematological, biochemical and immunological effects in broiler chicks. For bacteriological examination, one hundred and twenty foot swabs were collected from diseased chicks and investigated for the bacterial causes. Also, blood samples were collected from the same cases for hematological, biochemical and immunological analysis. In this study, S. aureus was isolated in 45.8% of diseased broilers. It was isolated either in pure form (18.18%); or in a mixed form with other species like: E.coli (58.18%), Proteus mirabilis (14.67%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.1%). Molecular characterization of Coa and Spagenes of S. aureus isolates were detected with PCR in 70% and 80%, respectively. Levofloxacin was the highest sensitive antibiotic drug against the isolated species followed by ge...

This work was performed to assess the most common bacterial causes of bumblefoot disease and their hematological, biochemical and immunological effects in broiler chicks. For bacteriological examination, 120 foot swabs of diseased chicks were collected and investigated for the bacterial causes. Also, blood samples were collected from the same cases for hematological, biochemical and immunological analysis. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in a rate of 45.8% of diseased broilers. It was isolated either in pure form (18.18%); or in a mixed form with other bacterial species as follows: E. coli (58.18%), Proteus mirabilis (14.67%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.1%). Molecular characterization of Coa and Spa genes of S. aureus isolates were detected with PCR in 70% and 80% of cases, respectively. Levofloxacin was the highest sensitive antibiotic drug against the isolated species followed by gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin antibiotics. However, the most recovered isolates exhibited moderate to high resistance against trimethoprim, oxacillin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. For hematological parameters, the results showed a significant decrease in RBCs count, Hb concentration, and PCV in the diseased broiler chicks indicating anemia. In addition, leucocytosis, lymphocytosis and monocytosis in naturally infected groups were recorded. Also, a significant increase in AST, ALT, uric acid, creatinine, gamma and alpha globulins, IL-6, and TNF-α level was recorded in naturally infected chicks. Total protein and albumin levels were significantly decreased. The levofloxacin treated group's revealed improvement in blood parameters, biochemical analysis, and immunological parameters as compared with untreated chicks. It could be concluded that staphylococcal infections are higher in broilers than other organisms. Levofloxacin represent a promising candidate to treat bacterial infections. Additionally, the epidemiological importance and good hygienic measures should be taken to minimize this disease problem in poultry.

A freshly dead 7 months old turkey from a population of 7 turkeys and 15 chickens with a history of fighting and head lesions was presented for postmortem examination and diagnosis. Postmortem examination revealed swollen head, subcutaneous head abscesses and foot pad abscess (bumble foot) with no evidence of septicaemia and systemic infection. Diagnosis of staphylococcosis was based on isolation and identification of pure cultures of the Staphylococcus aureus from head and foot samples following standard procedures. Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that Staphylococcus aureus isolate was resistant to ampicillin, cefuroxime and streptomycin but susceptible to ciprofloxacin, perfloxacin, erythromycin and ceftriaxone. The cause of death was likely physical rather than infectious. This report showed that head swelling and bumble foot could occur simultaneously in turkey staphylococcosis.

The golden eagle is one of the world's largest living birds. Footpad dermatitis, also known as plantar pododermatitis or bumblefoot, is a condition characterized by lesions due to contact with unhealthy "perching" conditions, such as plastic perches, sharp-cornered perches on the ventral footpad of birds. A young female golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in Fars province of Iran was presented to veterinary clinics of Shiraz University with clinical signs of lameness. The bird was examined clinically and a variety of complementary diagnostic procedures such as blood analysis, X-ray and bacteriological culture were performed. Then a surgical method was pick out for removing of scab, pus and necrotic tissues from abscess on the plantar aspect of bird's feet and healing the skin of area. After surgery, specific bandage, systemic antibiotics and vitamins were used. Corynebacterium, a gram negative bacterium, was isolated in the pus from the abscess. After the surgical ope...

In the present experiment, the presence of mycological agents in chickens with skin lesions on foot pads was investigated, in order to improve the health of broiler chickens. Foot-pad dermatitis (FPD) is described in the literature as dermatitis caused by multifactor causes. The presence of irritating chemical substances in the litter, genetic predispositions of hybrids, immune suppressive diseases of chickens, as well as the composition of commercial broiler diets that influence the occurrence of wet litter, are proven factors that contribute to a more intensive incidence of foot-pad dermatitis. Foot-pad dermatitis is a condition characterized by lesions on metatarsal and digital ventral skin of poultry feet. It is type of contact dermatitis which in severe cases shows slower weight gain, poor health condition and welfare. Taking into consideration the literature data, chickens reared in closed facilities where the bacterial and mycological agents are present partly in the litter i...